Chemistry
A Solid That Vanishes Without Melting: Sublimation
Sublimation is the process in which a solid turns directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state. This article covers the principle and conditions behind it, everyday
Chemistry
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34 articles found
Chemistry
Why Ice Forms Later: Freezing Point Depression
Freezing point depression is the lowering of a liquid’s freezing temperature when other substances are dissolved in it. We look at why dissolved particles slow ice formation, why t
Chemistry
Twin Atoms with Different Weights: Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in weight because they have different numbers of neutrons. We look at atomic structure, stable and radioactive isotopes, how carb
Chemistry
Separating by Differences in Boiling Point: Distillation
Distillation heats a liquid mixture, sends the more volatile components off as vapor first, then cools that vapor back into liquid to separate what was mixed. We look at its histor
Chemistry
The Reaction That Slowly Eats Away at Iron: Corrosion
Corrosion is the process by which a metal reacts chemically with its surroundings, loses its original properties, and breaks down. This piece covers how iron rusts, what happens wh
Chemistry
Light That Blooms Without a Flame: Chemiluminescence
Chemiluminescence is the phenomenon in which energy released by a chemical reaction comes out as light instead of heat. This piece covers how excited molecules produce this ‘cold l
Chemistry
Chemistry’s Bundle for Counting Atoms: Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s number is the number of particles in one mole of a substance, about 6.02 × 10²³. This piece explains what it means, ways to grasp its size, how Avogadro, Cannizzaro, Los
Chemistry
A Different Color for Every Element: The Flame Test
A flame test identifies metal elements by the unique color of light they emit in a flame. This piece covers how the colors arise, Bunsen and Kirchhoff’s spectroscopy, fireworks, an
Chemistry
The Hill Every Reaction Must Climb: Activation Energy
Why don’t books on a shelf catch fire by themselves? Reactions must first climb an energy hill called activation energy. This piece covers the Arrhenius equation, why heat speeds r
Chemistry
Water Moving Across a Single Membrane: Osmosis
Why does salted cabbage release its water overnight? This article covers what osmosis is, the three factors that drive it, everyday examples, and reverse osmosis, the technology th
Chemistry
Water That Doesn't Freeze When It Should: Supercooling
Why does water sometimes stay liquid below freezing? This article explains what supercooling is and how it works, everyday examples such as clouds, freezing rain, and hand warmers,
Chemistry
Holding Steady When Shaken: Buffer Solutions
A few drops of lemon juice make water sour, so why does the pH of blood stay the same? This article explains buffer solutions, whose pH barely changes even when acid or base is add