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36 articles found
Journalism & communication
"The medium is the message" is Marshall McLuhan's 1964 claim that we should look at the medium itself before the content it carries. This article explains what the phrase means, Mc
Journalism & communication
News values are the criteria that decide which events become news and how they are reported. This article covers Galtung and Ruge’s 1965 study that started the field, the main news
Journalism & communication
A filter bubble forms when the personalization algorithms of search engines and social media show us only the information we are likely to like, trapping us in a bubble of content
Journalism & communication
The sleeper effect is the phenomenon in which a message from a hard-to-believe source has little power at first but becomes more persuasive as time passes. We look at how it was di
Journalism & communication
The Magic Bullet Theory is the view that media messages hit audiences directly, like bullets, and produce the same effect in everyone. We look at the age of propaganda that produce
Journalism & communication
The inverted pyramid is a way of writing news that puts the conclusion and key facts first and places less important information further back. This piece covers how it is structure
Journalism & communication
Inoculation theory holds that people who meet weak counterarguments in advance and practice refuting them resist stronger persuasion later. This piece covers William J. McGuire’s 1
Journalism & communication
Parasocial interaction is the one-sided sense of face-to-face closeness we feel with media figures who don’t know us. This piece covers Horton and Wohl’s 1956 concept, the differen
Journalism & communication
Media priming is the phenomenon in which issues the media highlights become the standards we use to judge people and policies later. From Iyengar and Kinder’s 1987 experiments and
Journalism & communication
Why does a friend’s recommendation often sway us more than an ad? This article explains Lazarsfeld’s two-step flow theory—how media messages reach opinion leaders first and then sp
Journalism & communication
Why do opposing sides both feel the same news report is biased against them? This article covers the 1985 Vallone, Ross and Lepper study, why the effect occurs, how it shows up in
Journalism & communication
Why does the gap between those who know and those who don't widen as information floods in? This article covers what the knowledge gap hypothesis means and where it came from, why
