Psychology
Remembered by Its Peak and Its End: The Peak-End Rule
The peak-end rule is our tendency to judge a past experience mainly by its most intense moment and its final moment, rather than by its total or average. This article covers the cl
Psychology
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51 articles found
Psychology
One Now or Two Later? The Stanford Marshmallow Experiment
The Stanford Marshmallow Experiment studied self-control by asking young children to choose between one treat now and two treats later. This article explains how the experiment wor
Psychology
Following the Majority Even When It Is Wrong: The Asch Conformity Experiments
The Asch conformity experiments, begun by social psychologist Solomon Asch in 1951, showed that people often go along with a group’s clearly wrong answer on a simple line-length ta
Psychology
Hearing Your Name Through the Noise: The Cocktail Party Effect
The cocktail party effect is our ability to focus on one voice amid many overlapping sounds while still reacting to important information, such as our own name, in the sounds we ar
Psychology
I Knew It All Along: Hindsight Bias
Hindsight bias is the mental habit of believing, after something has happened, that we could have predicted the outcome from the start. We look at the experiments that first confir
Psychology
You Try to Name the Color but Read the Word First: The Stroop Effect
The Stroop Effect is the phenomenon in which naming the ink color of a word slows down and errors increase when the word's meaning and its color do not match. We look at the 1935 e
Psychology
One Good Trait Makes Everything Shine: The Halo Effect
The halo effect is a bias in judgment in which the impression from one standout trait spills over into how we rate other, unrelated traits. This piece covers the research that firs
Psychology
The Trap of Words That Fit Everyone: The Barnum Effect
The Barnum effect is our tendency to accept vague personality descriptions that fit almost anyone as accurate analyses of ourselves. This piece covers where the name came from, P.
Psychology
The Illusion That It’s Just Their Personality: The Fundamental Attribution Error
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to underestimate the situation and overestimate personality when explaining other people’s behavior. This piece covers Heider’s tw
Psychology
The More You See It, the More You Like It: The Mere Exposure Effect
The mere exposure effect is our tendency to like things more simply because we encounter them repeatedly. From Zajonc’s 1968 experiments and perceptual fluency to ads, music, and r
Psychology
The First Number Becomes the Benchmark: The Anchoring Effect
A “list price” makes a sale price feel cheap, and an opening offer steers a whole negotiation—because the first number we see becomes our benchmark. This article explains the ancho
Psychology
The Illusion That Nothing Works: Learned Helplessness
Where does the feeling that nothing you do will work come from? This article covers Seligman's experiments, attributional style, how neuroscience overturned the explanation in 2016