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Economics

Putting a Price on the Harm: Pigouvian Tax

A Pigouvian tax charges an activity that harms others a tax equal to that harm, so market prices reflect the true social cost. Learn about externalities, how the tax corrects the m

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Chemistry

The Principles of Thermodynamics and Energy Flow

Thermodynamics is an important discipline that explains the interaction between energy and matter. This article explores its key concepts, from basic theory to state and path funct

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Business administration

ESG Management: The Key to Sustainability

In today's business environment, corporate sustainability is no longer optional but a necessity. Accordingly, ESG (environmental, social, and governance) management is emerging as

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Earth science

When the Ground Flows Like Water: Soil Liquefaction

Why does solid ground turn soft and flow like water during an earthquake? This article explains soil liquefaction, in which water-saturated sandy ground behaves like a liquid, cove

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General knowledge

The Brain’s Limit on Relationships: Dunbar’s Number

Why can contact lists grow while deep ties stay few? Dunbar’s Number says humans can sustainably keep only so many stable relationships—often about 150—layered as roughly 5, 15, 50