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729 articles found
Information technology
Kerckhoffs's Principle holds that a cryptographic system should stay secure even if everything except the key is known. This piece covers Auguste Kerckhoffs's 1883 “La Cryptographi
General knowledge
Murphy's Law is the rule of thumb that anything that can go wrong eventually will. This piece covers its origins in the U.S. Air Force's MX981 rocket sled tests and Edward Murphy's
Film & media
Foley is the craft of recording everyday sounds such as footsteps, rustling clothes, and closing doors in post-production to match the picture. This piece covers its roots in 1920s
Journalism & communication
Inoculation theory holds that people who meet weak counterarguments in advance and practice refuting them resist stronger persuasion later. This piece covers William J. McGuire’s 1
Psychology
The Barnum effect is our tendency to accept vague personality descriptions that fit almost anyone as accurate analyses of ourselves. This piece covers where the name came from, P.
Food & nutrition
Pasteurization heats food below boiling to cut pathogens and spoilage microbes while keeping flavor and nutrition. This piece covers Pasteur’s wine experiments in 1864, Soxhlet’s m
Social welfare
The Beveridge Report, published in Britain in 1942 during the Second World War, proposed rebuilding postwar welfare around flat-rate social insurance for every citizen. This piece
Physics
Total internal reflection happens when light traveling from a material with a higher refractive index toward a lower one hits the boundary beyond the critical angle and is reflecte
Logistics
The hub-and-spoke model gathers cargo from many origins at a central hub, sorts it by destination, and sends it back out to each region. This piece covers how it compares with poin
Library & information science
Faceted classification divides a subject into non-overlapping aspects and combines their symbols into one class number. This piece covers enumerative versus analytico-synthetic cla
Robotics
Inverse kinematics finds the joint angles that place a robot’s end effector at a desired pose. This piece covers forward versus inverse kinematics, multiple or missing solutions an
Design
The Gestalt principles describe how the eye groups scattered visual elements by cues such as proximity, similarity and continuity and reads them as a whole. This piece covers their
