Earth science
Reading Age from an Atomic Clock: Radiometric Dating
Radiometric dating calculates how old a rock or artifact is by comparing a radioactive isotope with the material it decays into. This article covers how half-life works, how differ
Earth science
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Earth science
When the Whole Planet Froze Over: Snowball Earth
Snowball Earth is the hypothesis that Earth’s surface was once almost entirely covered in ice during the Cryogenian Period. This article explains how the idea arose, the ice-albedo
Earth science
Caldera: The Giant Cauldron Formed When the Ground Collapses
A caldera is a large, round basin that forms when the ground above an emptied magma chamber collapses. Learn how it differs from a crater, how it forms, famous calderas around the
Earth science
The Underground Ember That Stamps Out a Line of Islands: The Hotspot
A hotspot is a place where unusually hot mantle feeds magma to volcanoes regardless of plate boundaries. This article covers how the idea arose, how volcanic island chains form, Ea
Earth science
The Science of Clouds: Reading the Signals in the Sky
Clouds are a familiar sight, yet few people understand how they form, what kinds there are, and what each one tells us. This article explains the principles of cloud formation, the
Earth science
Understanding Natural Disasters: How Do Landslides Occur?
Natural disasters can cause enormous harm to human lives and property, and landslides pose a particularly serious risk among them. Because landslides occur alongside sudden changes
Earth science
How Does the Rainy Season Form, What Are Its Characteristics, and What Precautions Should You Take?
The rainy season, which invariably arrives each summer in Korea, affects many people in various ways. It causes inconvenience in daily life and sometimes leads to major disasters.
Earth science
When Glaciers Melt, the Land Rises: Isostasy
Isostasy is the idea that the crust floats on the denser mantle and balances at a height set by its thickness and density. This piece covers how the theory arose, the Airy and Prat
Earth science
Causes of Flooding and Ways to Prevent It
Floods are natural disasters that threaten countless lives and properties around the world every year. Climate change and rapid urbanization are increasing the frequency and intens
Earth science
When Volcanoes Block the Sun: Volcanic Winter
A volcanic winter is a drop in global temperatures lasting several years after a huge, sulfur-rich eruption spreads tiny sulfuric acid droplets through the stratosphere and blocks
Earth science
Cold Seawater Rises from the Deep: Upwelling
Upwelling is the process in which cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep rises to fill the gap left when wind pushes surface water away. We look at how it works, where it happens,
Earth science
The Hidden Effects of Fog: From Ecosystems to Human Activities
Fog is a weather phenomenon frequently encountered in everyday life and an important factor that limits visibility and greatly affects transportation safety. In particular, fog can