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Library & information science

The Words We Use Most Are Always Few: Zipf's Law

Why do a handful of words appear on every page while most words show up only once or twice? This article covers how Zipf's Law became known, the inverse relationship between rank a

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Chemistry

A Different Color for Every Element: The Flame Test

A flame test identifies metal elements by the unique color of light they emit in a flame. This piece covers how the colors arise, Bunsen and Kirchhoff’s spectroscopy, fireworks, an

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Information technology

The Beginning of the AI Era: How to Use ChatGPT

Advances in AI technology are bringing new changes to our lives. We can now interact with artificial intelligence (AI) that thinks and learns like humans. Among these technologies,

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Statistics

The Rule Hidden in the First Digit: Benford's Law

In many naturally occurring sets of numbers, smaller leading digits appear far more often: about 30.1% start with 1, and only about 4.6% with 9. This article explains the definitio

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Design

Design That Shows You What to Do: Affordance

Affordance is the relationship in which an object’s physical and perceptual characteristics suggest what actions a user can take. This article covers its origins, perceived afforda

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Earth science

When Volcanoes Block the Sun: Volcanic Winter

A volcanic winter is a drop in global temperatures lasting several years after a huge, sulfur-rich eruption spreads tiny sulfuric acid droplets through the stratosphere and blocks