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Journalism & communication

Persuasion That Wakes Up Over Time: The Sleeper Effect

The sleeper effect is the phenomenon in which a message from a hard-to-believe source has little power at first but becomes more persuasive as time passes. We look at how it was di

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Journalism & communication

How We Say It Changes the World: The Medium Is the Message

"The medium is the message" is Marshall McLuhan's 1964 claim that we should look at the medium itself before the content it carries. This article explains what the phrase means, Mc

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Earth science

Cooling Cities: Understanding and Responding to Heat Waves

Heat waves are occurring frequently around the world, and their intensity and frequency are steadily increasing. As a result, many people are experiencing health problems, and agri

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Chemistry

Why Ice Forms Later: Freezing Point Depression

Freezing point depression is the lowering of a liquid’s freezing temperature when other substances are dissolved in it. We look at why dissolved particles slow ice formation, why t

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Tourism studies

Even Seeing Is Learned: The Tourist Gaze

When we travel, are we really free to see as we like? This article explains the tourist gaze described by John Urry, covering its meaning and origins, how media and photography sha

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Information technology

Just Keep the Key Secret: Kerckhoffs's Principle

Kerckhoffs's Principle holds that a cryptographic system should stay secure even if everything except the key is known. This piece covers Auguste Kerckhoffs's 1883 “La Cryptographi

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Physics

When Light Cannot Escape: Total Internal Reflection

Total internal reflection happens when light traveling from a material with a higher refractive index toward a lower one hits the boundary beyond the critical angle and is reflecte

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Social welfare

A Home Before Treatment: Housing First

Housing First gives people experiencing homelessness a permanent home first, without requiring sobriety or treatment, and then adds the support they choose. This piece covers how i