Robotics
Reaction Before Thought: Subsumption Architecture
Subsumption architecture is a robot control method in which simple behavior layers are stacked from the bottom up and higher layers override lower ones when needed. This article co
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Film & media
The Art of Film Lighting: Essential Techniques and Strategies
In cinematography, lighting is one of the core elements, playing an important role in determining the quality and atmosphere of the imagery. Lighting can convey emotions and storie
Statistics
3 Types of Within-Group Norms for Standardized Psychological Tests
In this article, we will explore the concept of norms. Norms refer to the scores used as a basis for comparison when comparing an individual's test score with those of other people
General knowledge
How to Format References: An Essential Element for Assignments, Reports, and Papers
References are an important element in academic research and paper writing, clearly indicating sources so that other researchers can verify and use our work. This article covers wh
Information technology
The Beginning of the AI Era: How to Use ChatGPT
Advances in AI technology are bringing new changes to our lives. We can now interact with artificial intelligence (AI) that thinks and learns like humans. Among these technologies,
Library & information science
Information Retrieval Methods Using Boolean Search - Searching with Operators
This time, I would like to prepare material on the information retrieval methods commonly used when searching through internet portals or looking for specialized resources. The ope
Information technology
Confirming the Confirmation Never Ends: The Two Generals’ Problem
The Two Generals’ Problem is a thought experiment showing that, over a channel where messages can be lost, two parties can never be completely certain they have agreed to act toget
Education
The Need for Special Education and the Role of Educators
Special education is an educational program designed for students who have special educational needs related to their individual learning abilities, physical abilities, sensory abi
Earth science
Understanding and Analyzing Earthquakes: How Can We Prepare?
Earthquakes are among the most unpredictable and destructive natural disasters. Originating within the Earth, earthquakes have caused immense loss of life and property throughout h
Social welfare
The Role and Future of the National Pension: Strategies for a Secure Retirement
The National Pension system has firmly established itself as an important social security system that provides security in old age in modern society. It provides people with an eco
Psychology
The Illusion That Nothing Works: Learned Helplessness
Where does the feeling that nothing you do will work come from? This article covers Seligman's experiments, attributional style, how neuroscience overturned the explanation in 2016
Logistics
Chameleons on the Road: A Complete Guide to Truck Body Types!
Hello! The world of logistics is vast and complex, but its beginning and end are ultimately connected by 'transportation.' The most common means of transportation we see on the roa