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Robotics

The Number of Joints Shapes Movement: Degrees of Freedom

What determines how a robot can move? This article explains degrees of freedom, covering what the term means, how six-axis industrial robot arms work, the degrees of freedom of the

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Physics

When Light Cannot Escape: Total Internal Reflection

Total internal reflection happens when light traveling from a material with a higher refractive index toward a lower one hits the boundary beyond the critical angle and is reflecte

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Robotics

Machines That Move With Soft Bodies: Soft Robotics

Soft robotics builds robots from flexible materials such as rubber and silicone, taking inspiration from creatures like the octopus and the elephant's trunk. This article covers ho

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Film & media

Teleporting in Front of a Green Wall: Chroma Key

Chroma key is a video compositing technique that makes one color on screen transparent and layers another background in its place. This piece covers how it works, its history from

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Chemistry

Mirror-Image Twin Molecules: Chirality

Chirality is the property of an object or molecule that cannot be superimposed on its own mirror image. This article covers the basic definition of chirality, how mirror-image mole

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Robotics

The Hand at the End of the Robot Arm: The End Effector

The end effector is the device at the tip of a robot arm that actually does the work. This article covers where it attaches, the types of grippers, process tools and sensors, how t