Food & nutrition
Why a Cut Apple Changes Color: Enzymatic Browning
Enzymatic browning is the reaction in which enzymes in fruits and vegetables use oxygen to oxidize phenolic compounds into brown pigments. This piece covers how polyphenol oxidase
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Film & media
The Principles of VFX, Required Technologies, and the Evolution of CG
VFX(Visual Effects) is an important technology widely used in modern film, games, advertising, and various media industries. VFX uses computer graphics and animation to create and
Economics
The Global Economy and an Analysis of the Balance of Payments in Major Countries
The balance of payments (BOP) is a comprehensive statistical indicator that records all financial activities arising from a country's economic exchanges with other countries. This
Information technology
Slowing Down Faster Than Hardware Speeds Up: Wirth’s Law
Wirth’s Law is the rule of thumb that software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster. This piece covers where it came from, why software keeps getting heavier, examples arou
Robotics
The First Robot Arm to Enter the Factory: Unimate
Unimate, installed at a General Motors plant in New Jersey in 1961, is regarded as the world’s first industrial robot. Learn how it grew from George Devol’s patent, how its hydraul
Food & nutrition
Killing Germs Without Boiling: Pasteurization
Pasteurization heats food below boiling to cut pathogens and spoilage microbes while keeping flavor and nutrition. This piece covers Pasteur’s wine experiments in 1864, Soxhlet’s m
Education
A Diploma Recognized Around the World: The International Baccalaureate
The International Baccalaureate (IB) is an international curriculum and qualification created by a nonprofit education foundation based in Geneva. This article covers how the IB be
Library & information science
What You Found and What You Missed: Precision and Recall
When a search list looks right at the top, how do you know what was left out? This piece explains precision and recall, the trade-off between them, the F1 score that combines both,
Library & information science
Efficient Management and Practical Application of Information Organization
The theory and practice of information organization play a central role in maximizing information discovery and use through the systematic classification and arrangement of materia
Psychology
Beyond Conflict: The Art of Harmonious Relationships
In modern society, conflict is an unavoidable reality. Various forms of conflict exist, including friction between individuals, disputes within organizations, and clashes between c
Education
Adults Learn Differently: Andragogy
Andragogy is the art and science of helping adults learn. This article covers how the idea emerged, Malcolm Knowles’s six assumptions about adult learners, examples from everyday l
Statistics
Analysis of Variance: An Essential Tool for Data Interpretation
Analysis of variance (ANOVA, Analysis of Variance) is one of the essential analytical techniques in statistics and is widely used across many fields. By testing differences in the