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Earth science

The Rhythm of the Ice Ages: Milankovitch Cycles

Why has Earth swung back and forth between glacial and interglacial periods? This article explains the Milankovitch cycles, the slow but regular changes in Earth's orbit and axis:

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Statistics

An Easy Guide to Probability Sampling Methods

Probability sampling randomly selects cases so that every member of a population has a known probability greater than zero of being chosen for the sample; these probabilities need

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Statistics

Same Numbers, Different Pictures: Anscombe’s Quartet

Anscombe’s Quartet is a set of four datasets whose summary statistics are nearly identical but whose graphs look completely different. This piece covers how it came about, the trap

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Psychology

One Now or Two Later? The Stanford Marshmallow Experiment

The Stanford Marshmallow Experiment studied self-control by asking young children to choose between one treat now and two treats later. This article explains how the experiment wor

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Psychology

The Illusion That Nothing Works: Learned Helplessness

Where does the feeling that nothing you do will work come from? This article covers Seligman's experiments, attributional style, how neuroscience overturned the explanation in 2016

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Chemistry

Same Heat Either Way: Hess's Law

Whether a chemical reaction takes one step or many, the total heat is the same if the start and finish match. This article covers who Hess was, why the law holds, how to calculate

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Design

White Space in Design: Creative Ways to Use Space

In design, 'white space' is often readily regarded as a simple background or empty space. In reality, however, white space (margins) is an important element that brings out creativ

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Library & information science

The Web Address That Vanished One Day: Link Rot

Link rot is the phenomenon in which web addresses, over time, no longer lead to the material they once pointed to. We look at what link rot is and why it happens, how large the pro

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General knowledge

When the Number Becomes the Goal: Goodhart's Law

Why does a measure stop being a good measure once it becomes a target? This article explains the origin and logic of Goodhart's law, examples such as the cobra effect, and how to u