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Chemistry

Twin Atoms with Different Weights: Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in weight because they have different numbers of neutrons. We look at atomic structure, stable and radioactive isotopes, how carb

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Physics

When Light Cannot Escape: Total Internal Reflection

Total internal reflection happens when light traveling from a material with a higher refractive index toward a lower one hits the boundary beyond the critical angle and is reflecte

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General knowledge

The Brain’s Limit on Relationships: Dunbar’s Number

Why can contact lists grow while deep ties stay few? Dunbar’s Number says humans can sustainably keep only so many stable relationships—often about 150—layered as roughly 5, 15, 50

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Statistics

Same Numbers, Different Pictures: Anscombe’s Quartet

Anscombe’s Quartet is a set of four datasets whose summary statistics are nearly identical but whose graphs look completely different. This piece covers how it came about, the trap

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General knowledge

Reaching an Answer by Rough Estimate: Fermi Estimation

Fermi estimation breaks an unknown quantity into numbers you already know, roughly estimates each piece, and multiplies them to get the order of magnitude. This article covers the

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Earth science

An Invisible Lid Over the Sky: Temperature Inversion

Why does a layer of air form that gets warmer, not colder, with height? This article explains how temperature inversions form and their types, their effects on fine dust, fog, and

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Film & media

Video Shooting Techniques and How to Edit Using Shots

Why do films and dramas cut from distant shots to close ones? This article explains the main shot types used in video production, namely the long shot, full shot, medium shot, bust

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Physics

The Multiverse: Exploring a New Paradigm

Multiverse theory is one of the most prominent and controversial concepts in modern physics, proposing the possibility that countless other universes exist beyond the universe we i