Design
Design That Shows You What to Do: Affordance
Affordance is the relationship in which an object’s physical and perceptual characteristics suggest what actions a user can take. This article covers its origins, perceived afforda
Articles to explore
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809 articles found
Information technology
Less Power as They Shrank: Dennard Scaling
Dennard scaling is the semiconductor scaling rule that if transistors are made smaller while voltage is lowered by the same ratio, the power used by a given area of a chip stays th
Education
Learning More Deeply by Teaching: The Protégé Effect
Why do we learn better ourselves when we try to teach others? This article explains the origins of the protégé effect, the Betty's Brain experiment, why preparing to teach deepens
Social welfare
Becoming Neighbors to Face Poverty: The Settlement House Movement
The settlement house movement sent educated young people to live in poor neighborhoods alongside residents, combining education, everyday support, and social reform. We look at how
Psychology
Role Theory: Core Principles for Understanding Human Behavior
Role Theory is one of the important approaches to understanding and explaining human behavior in the social sciences, particularly psychology. Its basic premise is that individuals
Social welfare
The Power to Take Charge of Your Life: Empowerment
Empowerment is the process by which individuals and groups build the power to take part in and control the decisions that affect their lives. This guide explains its origins and co
General knowledge
The Science of Seasonal Vegetables and a Four-Season Nutrition Map
With advances in modern agricultural technology and the widespread use of protected cultivation (greenhouse growing), we live in an era when lettuce, cucumbers, and tomatoes are av
Design
Building Information on a Grid: The Swiss Style (International Typographic Style)
The Swiss Style, also called the International Typographic Style, is a graphic design style that arranges sans-serif type and photographs asymmetrically on an invisible grid to con
Business administration
The More of Us, the Less Each Tries: The Ringelmann Effect
Why does each person pull less hard when more people join in? This article covers Ringelmann's rope experiments, the two causes of lost performance, everyday and workplace examples
Tourism studies
A Young Aristocrat's Graduation Trip: The Grand Tour
The Grand Tour was the long educational journey around continental Europe that young English aristocrats took with a tutor from about 1660 to the 1840s. This piece covers the origi
Information technology
Just Keep the Key Secret: Kerckhoffs's Principle
Kerckhoffs's Principle holds that a cryptographic system should stay secure even if everything except the key is known. This piece covers Auguste Kerckhoffs's 1883 “La Cryptographi
Statistics
An Easy Guide to Understanding Reliability and Validity
Reliability and validity always come up when studying surveys in statistics, marketing, or opinion polling. This guide uses two illustrated examples, shooting and makeup, to make t