Information technology
Less Power as They Shrank: Dennard Scaling
Dennard scaling is the semiconductor scaling rule that if transistors are made smaller while voltage is lowered by the same ratio, the power used by a given area of a chip stays th
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Information technology
Just Keep the Key Secret: Kerckhoffs's Principle
Kerckhoffs's Principle holds that a cryptographic system should stay secure even if everything except the key is known. This piece covers Auguste Kerckhoffs's 1883 “La Cryptographi
Physics
When a Small Force Becomes a Big Sway: Resonance
Why does a swing go higher and higher when you push it in rhythm? This article explains what resonance and natural frequency mean, how the swaying grows, its uses in musical instru
Robotics
The Number of Joints Shapes Movement: Degrees of Freedom
What determines how a robot can move? This article explains degrees of freedom, covering what the term means, how six-axis industrial robot arms work, the degrees of freedom of the
Information technology
The Chip That Keeps Doubling: Moore’s Law
Why have computers kept getting smaller, faster, and cheaper for more than half a century? This article explains Moore’s Law: how it began, what it really means, how it changed the
Physics
Light That Knocks Out Electrons: The Photoelectric Effect
The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon in which electrons at the surface of a material such as a metal or semiconductor absorb energy from incident light and escape. This artic
Chemistry
Batteries: Chemical Structures That Store Energy
From the smartphone we check as soon as we open our eyes each morning to electric cars quietly passing along the street, laptops, and power banks, the daily lives of people today w
Logistics
Time Bombs on the Road: Everything About 'Dangerous Goods Logistics'
The lithium batteries in the smartphones we use every day, the gasoline we put in our cars, the sprays we use to repel mosquitoes in summer, and even the disinfectants used to prod
Physics
Plasma Technology: Boundless Innovation and Possibilities
Plasma is the 4th state of matter, following solids, liquids, and gases, and is a unique state with electrical and high-temperature characteristics. These characteristics give plas
Physics
Understanding Semiconductor Physics: The Core Principles of Electronics
Semiconductor physics provides the core theoretical foundation of modern electronics. Semiconductors, with properties between those of conductors and insulators, carry current thro
Psychology
Understanding Fear and Apprehension and How to Overcome Them
Fear and apprehension are among the most instinctive and primal emotions humans experience. These emotions are closely connected to our survival instincts and affect our bodies and
Chemistry
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds: The Core Principles of Chemical Bonding
Chemical bonds form through the interaction of atoms and electrons and determine the properties of matter. Explore the basic principles of chemical bonding and how ionic, covalent,