Economics
Raise the Tax Rate, Collect Less Tax: The Laffer Curve
The Laffer Curve is a hill-shaped graph showing that tax revenue is zero at both a 0% and a 100% tax rate, so some rate in between brings in the most. This article covers its napki
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Journalism & communication
Words from the Parliamentary Press Gallery: The Fourth Estate
Why is the press called the “fourth estate”? This article traces the phrase from the three estates and the press gallery of the British Parliament to Macaulay, Carlyle, and the Bur
Statistics
Confidence Level and Confidence Interval: A Key Guide to Statistical Interpretation
What confidence levels and confidence intervals mean and how they differ, how a confidence interval is calculated from the sample mean, standard error, and critical value, how they
Education
Types of Learning Styles and How to Develop Learning Strategies
Learning is an essential process for the continuous growth and development of individuals and society. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of learning requires a deep unders
Journalism & communication
The Illusion That Only Others Are Swayed: The Third-Person Effect
Why do we feel that we are fine and only other people are swayed by the media? This article explains the third-person effect and Davison's classic hypothesis, self-enhancement and
General knowledge
Know the Reason Before You Tear It Down: Chesterton’s Fence
Chesterton’s Fence is the principle that you shouldn’t remove a rule or custom until you understand why it exists. This piece covers its origin in G. K. Chesterton’s 1929 essay, th
Food & nutrition
Why Leftover Rice Hardens: Starch Retrogradation
Fresh rice turns hard in the fridge, and bread grows crumbly over days—because of starch retrogradation. This article explains gelatinization and retrogradation, the conditions tha
Chemistry
Chemistry’s Bundle for Counting Atoms: Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s number is the number of particles in one mole of a substance, about 6.02 × 10²³. This piece explains what it means, ways to grasp its size, how Avogadro, Cannizzaro, Los
Earth science
Mysterious Auroras: Formation Principles and Observation Guide
Auroras are among the most beautiful and mysterious natural phenomena that color Earth's night sky. This light show, observed mainly in the skies near the North and South Poles, ha
Journalism & communication
Making Friends on the Screen: Parasocial Interaction
Parasocial interaction is the one-sided sense of face-to-face closeness we feel with media figures who don’t know us. This piece covers Horton and Wohl’s 1956 concept, the differen
Tourism studies
A Shop That Sells Without Taxes: The Duty-Free Shop
A duty-free shop sells goods to travelers leaving the country without customs duties or value-added tax. This article covers how duty-free shops began, why they can drop taxes, the
Information technology
Confirming the Confirmation Never Ends: The Two Generals’ Problem
The Two Generals’ Problem is a thought experiment showing that, over a channel where messages can be lost, two parties can never be completely certain they have agreed to act toget