Preface System of Romanization An Outline of the February 28th Democracy Movement Chapter 1. The Backgrounds of the February 28th Democracy Movement 1. Political Background 1.1. Establishment of the Rhee Syng-Man Government and its Dictatorship 1.2. The Presidential and Vice Presidential Election of 1960 2. Economic Background 2.1. Failure to Establish a National Economy 2.2. Economic Recession 3. Regional Background 3.1. Student Independence Movement in Daegu during Japanese Colonial Rule 3.2. Political Leanings of Daegu Citizens 3.2.1. Daegu Citizens’ Consciousness Structure 3.2.2. Political Trends and Daegu as the Opposition City Chapter 2. The Unfolding of the February 28th Democracy Movement 1. The Sunday Attendance Directive 2. A Call for Action 3. The Development of Each School’s Participation 3.1. Kyeongbuk High School 3.2. Daegu High School 3.3. Kyungpook National University High School 3.4. Gyungbuk Girls’ High School 3.5. Daegu Girls’ High School 3.6. Daegu Technical High School 3.7. Daegu Agriculture and Forestry High School(Currently Daegu Agricultural Meister High School) 3.8. Daegu Commercial High School(Currently Daegu Sangwon High School) 4. Nationwide Consequences 4.1. Student Demonstrations in Seoul 4.2. Student Demonstrations in Daejeon 4.3. Student Demonstrations in Busan 4.4. March 15th Masan Demonstrations 4.5. The April 19th Revolution Chapter 3. Succession to the April 19th Revolution 1. The Unfolding of the April 19th Revolution 2. Immediate Consequences and Effects of the April 19th Revolution 2.1. Unfolding of Democratization Movement in Educational Institutions 2.1.1. Movement for Self-governing Student Associations 2.1.2. The Expulsion of the Government-controlled Teachers and a Clean-up Movement for Corrupted Foundations 2.1.3. Sympathy and Support from Teachers’ Unions 2.2. The Unfolding of the Social and Political Reform Movements 2.2.1. The Unfolding of the New Life Movement 2.2.2. Demand for Dissolution of the Fourth National Assembly 2.2.3. Movement for the Elimination of Anti- Democratic and Corrupted Forces 2.3. The Unfolding of the Self-reliance, Democracy, and Unification Movements 2.3.1. The Movement for the Restoration of School Property and the Opposition to Economic Cooperation between Korea and the United States 2.3.2. A Movement against the Two Unjust Laws 2.3.3. Unification Movement Chapter 4. The Historical Significance of the February 28th Democracy Movement 1. Students’ Understanding of the Motives for the Movement 2. Organization of Leadership 2.1. The Formation of New Modern Societal Authorities 2.2. The Loose Solidarity of Students, Citizens, and the Press 3. Continuation of Struggles 3.1. The February 28th Democracy Movement’s Influence on People, to Have Courage and Confidence to Fight against the Rhee Syng-Man Dictatorship 3.1.1. Overcoming Political Nihilism 3.1.2. The Meaning of ‘a Sleepless Night’: Sacrificial Spirit and Courage 3.2. The February 28th Democracy Movement Being not Improvised, but Conducted with a Careful and Courageous Plan Based on the Extensive Consensus among Students 3.3. The February 28th Democracy Movement being the Beginning of the Journey that was inherited by the April 19th Revolution Appendices: Photo Illustrations Appendix 1: Photos from the Day of the Movement Appendix 2: Photos of the Memorials in Honor of the Movement Appendix 3: Photos from the Eight Participating Schools